Gold detectors are specialized devices designed to locate gold and other precious metals buried underground or hidden within rocks. They operate using various technologies that can differentiate gold from other metals and materials. Here are the key features of gold detectors:

1. Detection Technology
Very Low Frequency (VLF): Commonly used in gold detectors, VLF technology is effective for detecting small gold nuggets at shallow depths. It uses a low-frequency electromagnetic field to detect metal objects.
Pulse Induction (PI): PI detectors are more suitable for detecting gold in mineralized or salty environments, such as beaches or volcanic soils. They send powerful pulses into the ground and measure the return signal, which is less affected by mineralization.

2. Discrimination Ability
Metal Discrimination: Gold detectors often feature the ability to discriminate between different types of metals. This helps in filtering out unwanted metals like iron, allowing the user to focus on gold.
Ground Balance: This feature helps the detector ignore mineralized soils and hot rocks, which can otherwise cause false signals. Ground balancing adjusts the detector to the specific ground conditions.

3. Sensitivity and Depth
Adjustable Sensitivity: High sensitivity allows the detector to find smaller pieces of gold, but it can also make the detector more susceptible to interference from mineralization. Adjustable sensitivity lets users fine-tune the detector for different environments.
Depth Indicator: Some detectors provide an estimate of the depth of the detected object, which is useful in determining how far to dig.

4. Frequency Adjustment
Multi-Frequency: Some advanced detectors offer multiple frequencies, allowing users to switch between them for different search conditions. Lower frequencies penetrate deeper, while higher frequencies are better for detecting smaller nuggets.

5. Search Coil
Coil Size and Shape: The size and shape of the search coil affect the detector's depth range and sensitivity. Larger coils can detect deeper targets but may be less sensitive to small objects, while smaller coils are better for detecting small nuggets at shallow depths.
Waterproof Coils: Many gold detectors come with waterproof search coils, making them suitable for searching in shallow water or wet environments.

6. Target Identification
Visual and Audio Signals: Gold detectors often use a combination of visual indicators (like an LCD screen) and audio signals (tones) to help identify the type of metal detected. Different tones or numbers can indicate different types of metals.

7. Portability and Ergonomics
Weight and Design: Lightweight and ergonomically designed detectors are easier to use for extended periods. Adjustable shafts, armrests, and padded handles enhance user comfort.
Battery Life: Long battery life is essential, especially for detectors used in remote areas. Some models offer rechargeable batteries or battery packs.

8. Customizable Settings
User Profiles: Some advanced detectors allow users to save custom settings for different environments, making it easier to switch between them quickly.
Threshold Adjustment: This feature lets users adjust the baseline signal level, helping to better hear faint signals from small or deep gold targets.

9. Noise Cancellation
Automatic and Manual Noise Cancel: This feature reduces interference from electrical sources or other metal detectors, ensuring clearer signals and more accurate detection.

10. Durability and Weather Resistance
Rugged Construction: Detectors designed for gold prospecting are often built to withstand harsh outdoor conditions, including dust, water, and extreme temperatures.
Weatherproofing: Some models are specifically designed to resist rain and humidity, allowing for use in all weather conditions.
These features vary across different models and brands, so choosing a gold detector depends on the specific needs of the user, such as the environment they'll be searching in and the type of gold they're looking to find.