An electric bike (e-bike) works by combining human pedaling power with assistance from an electric motor, making it easier to ride, especially on hills or over long distances. The motor provides additional power to assist the rider. The motor is integrated into the wheel's hub. The motor is located at the bike’s crank (near the pedals), providing power directly to the chain. The battery supplies electricity to the motor. It’s usually a rechargeable lithium-ion battery and is mounted on the frame or rear rack. This electronic component manages the flow of electricity from the battery to the motor. It’s usually operated through a display or control panel on the handlebars. This sensor detects when and how much you are pedaling, allowing the motor to assist proportionally.

Some e-bikes have a throttle, which allows you to activate the motor without pedaling, much like a scooter. Shows information such as speed, battery level, and the amount of assist being provided. When you start pedaling, the pedal assist sensor detects your movement and signals the controller to activate the motor. Depending on the mode you choose (often from eco to turbo), the motor provides a percentage of additional power, making pedaling easier. In low assist modes, you still do most of the work, but the motor adds a bit of power. In high assist modes, the motor takes on much more of the work, helping you reach higher speeds or climb hills with ease. The motor draws energy from the battery. Higher levels of assistance or throttle use will drain the battery faster. A fully charged battery can typically provide a range of 20 to 100 miles, depending on the bike, terrain, and level of assistance.

In this mode, the motor assists only when you're pedaling, and you can adjust how much help you want from the motor. Some e-bikes come with a throttle, allowing you to power the bike without pedaling, but this is not available on all models (varies by country due to regulations). Some e-bikes have a feature where braking or coasting down hills generates energy, helping to recharge the battery. Some advanced e-bikes offer regenerative braking, which converts some of the kinetic energy during braking back into electrical energy to recharge the battery. However, this feature is more common in electric cars and is less efficient in e-bikes due to their smaller systems.

You pedal (or use the throttle if available). The motor kicks in to assist based on your pedaling force or throttle input. The controller manages the power flow from the battery to the motor. The motor assists you with moving the bike, especially uphill or at higher speeds. The battery is the energy source that powers the motor, and it can be recharged by plugging it into a standard electrical outlet. Electric bikes offer an efficient, environmentally friendly, and fun mode of transportation, especially for commuting, leisure, or fitness.